The Rationale For A Educational Assessment - 812 Words

The rationale for change in educational assessment is anchored in understanding that the global workforce has changed. In order for schools to better prepare students to be successful in this workforce, pedagogy and assessment must be address key 21st Century skills. Cisco-Intel-Microsoft’s 2004 Call to Action, Transforming Education: Assessing and Teaching 21st Century Skill, states, â€Å"†¦more often than not, accountability efforts have measured what is easiest to measure, rather than what is most important.† More often than not, an educator’s instructional method and assessment, aligns with the way material is tested on state and district benchmarks. Therefore, aligning classroom assessments to the CCSS will help ensure all students receive the relevant and rigorous education they deserve. Nowadays it is easier than ever for a teacher to gather evidence and data on student achievement. With technology, teachers can integrate assessment for learning, encourage participation and collaboration, and enhance communication in every lesson. In addition, student data can be gathered electronically and automatically sorted for the teacher to inform next step instruction in the classroom and enables the teacher to respond to and personalize each student’s learning path so that all students can achieve at high levels. Another type of assessment, Performance, measures a student’s ability to think critically, synthesize information, and communicate effectively. Performance assessmentsShow MoreRelatedCoe Framework And Ethical Dispositions Comparison Matrix Essay871 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant) youwould assign this concept as an educator.State and defend your rationale. Use research to support your rationale. Comparison of overlapping statements regarding teacher ethics Priority of specific ethical disposition/protocol and rationale Example: â€Å"The professional educator continues to grow professionally†(AAE, 2001). â€Å"Learners will develop the values, commitments, and ethics that positively impact the educational community as well as the educator’s own professional growth.† (COE-GCURead MoreProvide Feedback And Report Of Student Learning1077 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Learning Graduate Descriptor: 5.1.1 - Demonstrate understanding of assessment strategies, including informal and formal, diagnostic, formative and summative approaches to assess student learning. On my Google site, I have provided a summative Year 8 Examination for the topic Views and Perspectives. This examination demonstrates my understanding of the Graduate Descriptor 5.1.1. The task for EDFD307: Educational Assessment was to design an end of topic or mid-year examination to assess my students’Read MorePurpose Of An Introductory Lesson1704 Words   |  7 Pagesshapes (cubes, right rectangular prisms, right circular cones, and right circular cylinders) to create a composite shape, and compose new shapes from the composite shape. Rationale: The reason for this lesson is to allow for an introductory lesson to three-dimensional shapes that the students will see throughout their educational career, as well as create a more equitable environment in the classroom by serving as a form of an icebreaker for the students and their peers. 2. Learner Outcome(s)/Objective(s):Read MoreWhy School Report Cards Merit A Failing Grade Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagescomes from the authors’ belief that A-F systems and the resulting school-choice programs will eventually bring an end to most underachieving schools. Rationale for A-F grading systems. With a host of states already using A-F systems and several more considering implementing similar systems (2015, pg. 2), the authors explain some of the primary rationales for using a report card-style systems to measure school success. Using Florida, the first state to implement an A-F system, as a starting point, theRead MoreEducational Philosophies Influence Curriculum From The Establishment Of The American School Systems1133 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Educational philosophies influence curriculum from the establishment of the American school systems. The five major philosophies that have influence American education are: 1) Idealism, 2) Essentialism, 3) Perennialism, 4) Progressivism, and 5) Experimentalism. Idealism, Essentialism, and Perennialism are all teacher-based philosophies putting the teacher at the core of the educational experience, with students being passive members of the classroom. In contrast, Progressivism and ExperimentalismRead More Bilingual Education Essay examples1194 Words   |  5 PagesBilingual education is any school program which utilizes two languages. An example of legal rationale in regarding bilingual education is English being the only language approach that is taught to English language learners in the United States in school districts according to No Child Left Behind Act of 2001(NCLB). However, historical rationale concerning bilingual education is the history of events that occurred due to bilingual education not being taught in a school district. An example is MeyerRead MoreConceptual Framework Ethical Dispositions Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesappropriately. In the right-hand column, state the priority from 1-7, (â€Å"1† being the most important) you would assign this concept as an educator; state and defend your rationale. Use research to support your rationale. Comparison of overlapping statements regarding teacher ethics | Priority of specific ethical disposition/protocol and rationale | The professional educator makes a constructive effort to protect the student from conditions detrimental to learning, health, or safety. (AAE, 1994-2012).ChallengingRead MoreReview of Two Journal Articles on Educational Leadership Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pageseffectiveness. Perhaps Somech’s reflect Scherer’s (2009, p.7) understandings as described in Educational Leadership, ‘broom-wielding leadership can indeed be beneficial’ as is putting advocates into positions of power and influence and building teams, both of which are seemingly contrasting opposites. This paper will describe two studies, one quantitative and the other a mixed method, which dealt with aspects of educational leadership. The studies chosen for review were conducted by Bush, et al. (2005), aRead MoreVariation Of Budgets Within School Districts952 Words   |  4 Pagesachievement varies among localities that spend comparable amounts† (Vegas Coffin, 2012, p. 1). There is evidence that some schools’ investments have been correlated to effective and efficient expenditures. Vegas Coffin (2012) offer examples of educational reforms in Armenia and Ontario that have led to increased student achievement after changing funding formulas to support localities with lower socioeconomic resources, geographical locations, and special needs (p. 3). Districts may choose differentRead MoreStaff Education on Proper Administration of Chemotherapy1379 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Staff Education on Proper Chemo Administration I. Educational Rationale The rationale for the educational initiative is a needs assessment that was conducted identifying the skill sets and knowledge of the staff at NYHQ. The needs assessment process resulted in findings that the staff required education in the safe and proper administration of chemotherapy since the facility is a leader in cancer care including a breast center, gynecologic, oncology department, patient testing unit, radiation

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essays - 847 Words

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight As with so many stories written in the Middle Ages Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is filled with wonders, magic and knightly pursuit of fame and nobility. It combines folklore and romance as does, according to The Norton Anthology, no other known work. The character of the Green Knight fascinates and amuses. Most people would not think of it as an Arthurian-time creature. The Green Man in fact, is a part of an ancient folklore where the beheading of a green man would assure the return of spring next year. The passage that I am discussing takes place almost a year after the Green Knight has visited King Arthurs court to challenge the court. He has specifically challenged Sir Gawain who steps†¦show more content†¦The castle is great with a palisade of palings planted about for about two miles. It is shining in the sun, and Sir Gawain is standing in awe looking at it. He is thankful to Jesus and Saint Julian that they have put this castle there for him. The castle is described as very large and well fortified: The gates were bolted fast; the walls well framed to bear the fury of the blast. There is a wall built around the castle, and deep water surrounds it. The watchtowers with many holes to look through are protecting the gate. Behind all the fortification, there are tall, ornamented turrets with spikes. White chimneys indicate also that it is a very beautiful place. The reader gets a feeling that it is not just another gloomy medieval castle with stench, a cramped and drafty interior, and a general feel of coldness. It is in fact the best-fortified castle Sir Gawain has ever seen, but it is also very appealing to the eye. This again is a clue that the castle is special. Christmas day is coming and Sir Gawain would like to spend it there. He calls out, and a porter answers him politely. This is unlike what would be the case in a regular castle where a guard would answer a holler and not a porter. Then the drawbridge is lowered, and Sir Gawain is greeted with high honors and led inside. There he meets with the lord of the castle who welcomes Sir Gawain withShow MoreRelatedSir Gawain And The Green Knight1359 Words   |  6 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Sir Gawain and The Green Knight,† a protagonist emerges depicting an Arthurian knight named Sir Gawain. Sir Gawain, King Arthur’s nephew, takes initiative by accepting the challenge requested by the Green Knight in place of his uncle. He undergoes a perilous adventure, seeking for the Green Knight to receive the final blow. Although Sir Gawain is not viewed as a hero for his military accomplishments, he is, however, viewed as a heroic figure by the Knights at the Round Table for hisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight862 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by an unknown author referred to as the â€Å"Pearl Poet,† we are introduced to Sir Gawain. Gawain is a knight of the Round Table and he is also the nephew of King Arthur. As a knight, Gawain is expected to possess and abide by many chivalrous facets. Throughout the poem he portrays many of the qualities a knight should possess, such as bravery, courtesy, and honor among others. Because of his ability to possess these virtues even when tempted to stray away from themRead MoreSir Gawain and the Green Knight1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight compares a super natural creature to nature. The mystery of the poem is ironic to the anonymous author. The story dates back into the fourteenth century, but no one knows who originally wrote the poem. This unknown author explains in the poem of Sir Gawain not knowing of the location of the Green Chapel and or who t he Green Knight really is. This keeps the reader entertained with the suspicion of not knowing. The author then does not give his name orRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight contains ambiguity and irony that make it interesting to read and teach. Gawain’s conflict arose when he accepted the girdle that could protect him and when he lied to his host, severing fellowship with the lord for courtesy with the lady. By utilizing a social reconstructionist philosophy of teaching that emphasizes personal beliefs and ethics, a teacher will help the students establish their identities and learn to appreciate classic literature. Sir Gawain and theRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1514 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight is an epic poem written in the mid to late fourteenth century by an unknown author. Throughout the tale, Sir Gawain, a Knight at the Round Table in Camelot, is presented with many hardships, the first being a challenge on Christmas by a man in which, â€Å"Everything about him was an elegant green† (161). This â€Å"Green Knight† challenged someone in Camelot to accept his game which they will chop off his head with his axe and the Green Knight will do the same to the playerRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1335 Words   |  6 PagesSir Gawain: The Ironic Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a tale of the utmost irony in which Sir Gawain, the most loyal and courteous of all of King Arthur’s knights, fails utterly to be loyal and courteous to his king, his host, his vows, and his God. In each case, Sir Gawain not only fails to perform well, but performs particularly poorly, especially in the case of his relationship with God. Ultimately, Sir Gawain chooses magic over faith, and by doing so, shows his ironic nature as aRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight906 Words   |  4 Pagesusually the latter. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight we see Sir Bertilak go off to hunt three very specific animals as a game with Sir Gawain. They agree that â€Å"what ever [Bertilak catches] in the wood shall become [Sir Gawain’s], and what ever mishap comes [Sir Gawain’s] way will be given to [Bertilak] in exchange.† (Sir Gawain†¦, ln 1105-1007). In this deal we slowly see Gawain loose his honor as paralleled with Sir B ertilak’s hunt. The first animal that is hunted by the knight is a deer, while thisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesFall 16 Donnelly Many years ago, knights were expected to form a certain type of relationship with their king, this relationship was otherwise known as fealty. Fealty is a knight’s sworn loyalty to their king (in other words a loyal relationship should be formed between the two). The use of this relationship is shown in the poem called â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† ( the author is unknown). This poem has a classic quest type of formula, with a knight receiving a challenge and then going outRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1455 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, for Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight temptation existed around every corner while he was playing the game of the Green Knight. Temptation existed every day and each day it existed in a new way. Gawain never knew what was coming his way throughout the grand scheme of the game, but one thing was for certain he was being tested. Without his reliance religious faith and dedication to his reputation, Gawain wo uld not have been able to make it through the game of the Green Knight alive andRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesBoth Sir Gawain, from â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† translated by Marie Borroff, and Beowulf, from Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel, serve as heroes in different times of Medieval English Literature. Many of the basic principles that describe heroes in Medieval Literature are seen in both of these characters even though they were written in different times. There are distinct similarities, differences, and also a progression of what the hero was in English literature, between Sir Gawain and

Dramatic Purposes of Emilia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss the significance and dramatic purposes of Lodovico and the significance and dramatic purposes of Emilia. Answer: Characters are what takes forward a drama and they are the ones who create conflicts which creates conflicts through interactions and increase the complexity of the drama. They are the most important to the story as they are the one manipulating the structure and movement of the play, and also the final outcome. It is the work of a dramatist to create his characters such that the whole play can revolve around them and the audience can be awestruck. Characters can be of two types, such as the major characters, and the minor ones. The major characters are the one who directly manipulate the course of the play or the plot ( Howard, et al. ). The minor ones are those which indirectly affect the same. The minor or supporting characters are those who instigate the major ones and support the conflicts throughout the length of a drama. It is the mark of a good dramatist who can craft his minor characters as good as the major ones, drawing an equal amount of attention. A good dramatist will n ot mind going ahead of his time and portraying his minor characters in a way that attracts a lot of attention or even more than the major characters (Pao and Angela). A minor character does not only unfold itself, it also unfolds shades of the major ones. They sometimes momentarily get involved in the plot and stir up a lot of hustle and leave without a warning mostly. The following essay talks about how Emilia, being one of the minor characters in Othello, draws as much attention as the others and has a purpose of enhancing the colors of the other characters (Kolin and Philip). Emilia as a character appears in the play for the first time in Act two, scene one. She has a brief presence before she leaves the stage with her mates or companions. In spite of being a minor character, Emilia was extreme opposite to that what Desdimona. Emilia was intelligent and cynical in nature, especially in matters of men and marriages. There was mention of a speech between Desdimon and Emilia regarding the flaws of the opposite sex. She is seen to agree to indulge in the world of adultery if paid sufficiently, which is a fact that Desdimona finds unbelievably unethical. Iago is seen to use Emilias close acquaintance with Desdimona, to his benefit, to steal her handkerchief. All this was done to convince Othello that Desdimona had been with Cassio. Emilia disagrees to do as Iago directed, but later she lied when asked about the handkerchief. She is seen to be very ignorant about Iagos plans until the very end of the final act. In the play, she is accused of infidelity with bot h Cassio and Othello. Emilia challenges Othello after Desdimonas death, dismissing the threats imposed on her (Rosen and Jeremy). Incidents like these build the dramatic tension, which is finally released when the truth about Emilias husband was exposed in Act 5, scene ii. The character Emilia contributes greatly to the dramatic course of the play. When the action of the play rises, her contribution is seen as something very noticeable. She unwittingly hands over the object to her husband that sealed Desdemonas fate. The handkerchief convinces Othello of Desdemonas guilt. The dramatist equips the character with powers, which can change the tragic outcome. In Act three, in spite of having chances, she did not foil Iagos plan, in spite of seeing how distressed Othello got regarding Desdemonas infidelity. She instead chose to put the blame on men in general and marriage. She calls men stomachs and women food to demonstrate her idea of disgust and call men nothing but greedy. In the drama, women are seen as objects of entertainment and things to control, for men of the era. Emilia believed that women and men should be treated equally and that they should get to enjoy equal rights (Callaghan and Dympna). It is said that Emilia was introduced into the play intentionally to give intensity to the actions of the character of Iago. It was to intensify the plot of Iago that Emilia was introduced. She has been used to pick up the certain handkerchief, which was a major move in shaping the direction of the play, not just Igo. Emilia and Iagos relationship is a reflection of Othello and Desdemonas. Constant conflicts and lack of affection are what characterized their relationship (Singh and Megha). Emilia is merely portrayed to give and outcome to Iagos views. It was evident that he viewed his marriage the same way he viewed power- something to be conquered, overpowered. From the above discussion it will be safe to come to the conclusion that Emilia was a strong character in spite of being one of the minor characters of the play. Her purpose was not blank and she successfully gave that extra edge to the character of Iago. The true color of her friendship and loyalty with Desdemona came out in the open during the handkerchief episode. Even being a minor character, her character has been given many shades and made to be an interesting one. References Callaghan, Dympna. A feminist companion to Shakespeare. Vol. 97. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Howard, Jean E., and Marion F. O'Connor, eds. Shakespeare reproduced: the text in history and ideology. Routledge, 2013. Kolin, Philip C., ed. Othello: New critical essays. Routledge, 2013. Pao, Angela C. "Ocular Revisions: Re-casting Othello in Text and Performance." Colorblind Shakespeare: New Perspectives on Race and Performance (2016): 27-45. Rosen, Jeremy. "An Insatiable Market for Minor Characters: Genre in the Contemporary Literary Marketplace." New Literary History 46.1 (2015): 143-163. Singh, Megha. "Exploring the Female Psyche: Portrayal of Shakespeares Heroines in Hamlet and Othello in Patriarchal Contexts (2017)."

Non verbal communication free essay sample

Identify the different reasons people communicate. 1:2 Explain how communication affects relationship in the work setting. Communication can be delivered in many different forms. The main way to communicate is verbally. We do this continuously throughout the day, sometime without even thinking about it. The ability to communicate with people is a vital factor in working towards building relationships. When meeting a new client, I show them positive body language by smiling and saying â€Å"hello†. This helps to start building a good relationship between myself and the service uses so that they feel confident and begin to trust me. We can express our feelings and needs through communication. We can do this verbally, adjusted our tone and volume to suit our mood and non-verbally by crossing our arms to show us in a defensive mood or by giving a hug to a person who is emotional. Working with adults who have autism they may have difficulty expressing themselves and may display an array of emotions not suited to there mood. We will write a custom essay sample on Non verbal communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sometimes people not familiar with this behaviour don’t understand the emotion being displayed by the adult with autism, this may cause frustration, aggression, anxiety and withdrawal with the autistic adult as they are being misunderstood. It’s important to be patient, approachable, non-judgmental and a good listener. It is also good to recognising the different needs of young people. Communication is a way of exchanging information either verbally, in writing or non-verbally. In a work setting the information express may be about the service users, issues, situations or knowledge of the job. Effective communication is essential. When giving instructions, they should be clear and on a level so the person receiving it can understand to avoid confusion. To inform clients about the activities available to them, I verbally tell them and also give them a leaflet this helps to reminds them of what is on offer and is sometimes easier to understand and it is there in black and white. Communication is particularly important in the work setting as it can affect the relationships we build. We need to build relationships with service users, parents and relevant authorities. To do this successfully we have to ensure the relationship grows with the use of effective communication; we can do this by providing the necessary information needed. Communication has to be clear and concise, both verbal and written. Without these skills we cannot engage productively with individuals and there will be a breakdown in communication and relationship. The first time we meet clients it is important that we are friendly and welcoming. This is the start of the relationship and it is good to begin with firm foundations and that they get a positive feeling about us. Daily conversations, asking â€Å"How are you† or â€Å"what did u do over the weekend† will slowly build up a rapport with the service user. Gradually the relationship will move on from that first friendly hello to deep conversations learning more about them. Team communication is important and essential to keep everyone in the group knowledgeable about what is going on within that group. Positive communication skills like listening, open-ended questions and calm tone of voice help bring people together. Workplace relationships also become a lot stronger when people can clearly and effectively communicate what they need and allow others to do the same. Effective relationships in the work setting enables to you provide support to others and expect support from them in times of difficulties. This also means promoting a positive working environment where colleagues experience job satisfaction. Service users will also trust practitioners because information is regularly shared and concerns are addressed within an environment that encourages open communication. People who work together as a team with a common aim will provide the best possible service for the service user. 2:2 Describe the factors to consider when promoting effective communication. You need to consider a number of factors when promoting effective communication. When using verbal communication you should make sure your tone and pitch of your voice suits the situation or topic that you are talking about. A louder, low tone and more direct communication maybe required when giving someone instructions. However in a situation whereby a service user is upset a quieter and understanding tone may be used to reassure them. Use of language is important, when talking to service users with autism you need to keep things simpler and direct than if you were talking to an adult without autism. However if you’re talking to an adult using very simple instructions this may be deemed as patronising, so it is important to choose your language carefully. The speed in which you talk is also a key factor. When talking to service users. I tend to get down to their level if they are in a itting position and talk to them at a relatively slow but not patronising speed, this way they are more likely to understand me more than if I was walking round above them talking Facial and hand gestures again this needs to be tailored to the situation or topic. When welcoming someone you might smile, have open body language and maybe shake hands depending on the situation. Where by frowning and crossing arms w hen welcoming someone may give the impression that you don’t want to be there or are annoyed. Eye contact is an important factor as this engages the audience, keeping them focused on what you are discussing. By making eye contact you are directing your conversation at that specific person, demonstrating that you are devoting your time and are not able to be distracted as if you would by looking around. Body language plays an important part, for example folded arms can indicate you are being defensive or not open to conversation. Personal space should be adjustable to each situation. Making sure you have enough space from the person you are communicating with so that you are both comfortable The environment that you are communicating in should be appropriate to suit the situation. Loud music or busy places can make people lose concentration and it may make them look not interested in the conversation. This environment would not be suitable to have a personal conversation or a team meeting. Quite, calm and familiar places produce effective communication making people at ease and comfortable to chat. This helps make sharing and receiving information clear, precise and without distractions. 3:1 Explain how people from different backgrounds may use and/or interpret communication me 3:2 Identify barriers to effective communication methods in different ways. Communication can be different when using it with other people from different backgrounds. Communication can be interpreted in different ways by different cultures, this is because they may not speak English, if from a different country, or they may not understand you. Different people from other backgrounds may use verbal communication to express what they think, however they could also use non-verbal communication to put their point across. Communication can be used in many ways by using different methods. Service users from different backgrounds can communicate by doing what they think is best, but may not be social excepable. Service user could use rapid body movements and shout to express their needs or what they want to do in the workplace. Support workers may use gestures like a hand shake and body language to show the service user that they are always friendly and can be relied on. Different backgrounds of different people can cause misunderstandings when using communication. However, they will be able to interpret the communication they’re using by using hand gestures, facial expressions or maybe body language. We shouldn’t think that everyone has the same view point or style of communication there are factors that hinder communication. Some cultures don’t use eye contact as we do and there approach is more formal. Family back ground can also play a large part in the way we communicate some children might use more than one language, others might have vibrant noisy homes while others have quiet homes this all affects children’s communication but later also affects the way that they communicate as adults. The personality and upbringing can also affect the way an individual communicates. For example, if a person is shy due to a unsteady upbringing, he/she may not speak clearly and may use a little bit of verbal communication and use more defensive body language. There are many barriers to effective communication. Back ground can become a barrier for communication. We should find the best way to communicate with people from other backgrounds. You may need an interpreter or find other means of communicating with service user that do not speak English. Lack of literacy skills can stop people from using written communication. Service users might mite use sign language or help from flash cards. A service user that has a speech or hearing impairment or a learning disability that finds it hard to communicate through speech may get frustrated because they are not understood. Their condition may stop them from communicating effectively and might need visual aids to help them communicate. We should listen to the whole conversation and give yourself time for respond. 3. 5 Explain how to assess extra support or services to enable individuals to communicate effectively When communicating with a service user is necessary to promoting that service users welfare, if their first language isn’t English to use an interpreter must be used. In cases an interpreter is not able to come maybe having family members or friend present can help communication. Each local government body should provide Language Support Services, which will include British Sign Language interpreters, deaf blind interpreters, lip speakers/readers, and note takers. Speech and language services can be used. They can find ways to communicate with the service user and could give ideas for resources like makaton, picture exchange communication systems. National advocacy organisations may be able to assist and offer a independent and confidential services including advocacy to service who are in care. The service provides service users with the opportunity to talk to an advocate to help them to make decisions. 4:1 Explain the meaning of the term confidentiality 4. 3 Describe the potential tension between maintaining an individual’s confidentiality and disclosing concerns Confidentiality means not sharing information about people without their knowledge and agreement, and ensuring that all information cannot be accessed or read by people who have no reason to see it. Confidentiality is important as service users may not trust a support worker who does not keep information confident. This could affect their self-esteem if their private details are shared with others may make the service users feel devalued, as there personal issue will be someone else’s gossip. Service user’s safety may be put at risk if details of their property and habits are shared publicly. Polices should be in place, introduce to new staff and maintain within the company both with regard to the handling of private data relating to service users and to that relating to staff and ensure that all staff are aware of the policy. All sensitive information relating to service users should be in a secure place where only care staff can access it. Confidential information which comes to your attention should be shared only on a need to know basis and not with any other persons other than care staff and the service user concerned, although an exception could be made in the case of an emergency where urgent care needs to be given requiring access to the information. You should assess whether you feel it correct to pass on information to a relevant person. Thinking about what is the confidential information and the situation in which you received that information and what are the reasons why it must be kept confidential or effects of being disclosed. If possible can you use the company policies, procedures and your professional experience to find out how youre expected to disclose confidential information and report concerns. All companies should have a designated person to deal with service users issues. If you have concerns that a service user is being abused it is our job to disclose this information to the designated person. It is important to follow the right steps whilst reporting a case of abuse or a suspected case, we need to gather the correct information. This can be very hard to work out sometimes so having designated colleagues to discuss this with will help you come to a quick conclusion and more accurately. Service users should have a copy of the confidencality policy which states that information regarding every service user will be disclosed if it is deemed that any service user is in significant harm/danger. This gives us the right to report any kind of abuse to the safeguarding board without the parents/carers permission. When a service user discloses information to you we should not promise to keep a secret because we will have to disclose the information given and this will make the service user think that they cannot trust that person anymore, they trusted you in the first place to disclose the information.

History Of Psychoanalysis Essays - Freudian Psychology,

History of Psychoanalysis The history of the major discoveries in psychoanalysis is largely interwoven with the life and professional career of a single man, Sigmund Freud. The book Studies on Hysteria actually marks the beginning of psychoanalysis, although the term was not used by Freud until a year later (1896). Prior to this time, he spoke of ?Breuer's cathartic method,? and occasionally of ?psychical analysis.? By 1896, Freud had made some notable changes in the original technique. For one thing, he had given up the use of hypnosis. He had found that some patients could not by hypnotized readily, and the results at other times had been disappointing. Secondly, he had observed that, while hypnosis suspended the patient's resistance to recalling painful feelings and memories, the gains were only temporary. Thirdly, he had a temperamental distaste for the magical connotations that always surrounded the hypnotic state. Instead he modified the technique, asking the patients simply to report as faithfully and unreservedly as possible what occurred to them while in his presence. To keep distractions to a minimum and to insure the greatest possible relaxation, he asked the patient to recline on a couch, sitting behind him, out of his field of vision. He had also noted that when the patients diligently followed what came to be known as ?the fundamental rule,? their associations regularly began to turn to personal and troublesome matters, ultimately leading to the core of their neurotic difficulties. The new method of free association (although the associations were not ?free? in the usual sense) was as simple as it was ingenious. The term psychoanalysis as a method treatment is inseparable from the technique of free association. Psychoanalysis, however, has at least two additional meanings, which soon came to the fore. The first grew out of the treatment of hysteria, and to this date, psychoanalysis is identified as a specific and specialized form of psychotherapy. The second meaning, while related to the first, is nevertheless a different one. Psychoanalysis, in this sense, is a method for investigating the working of the human mind, and as such constitutes a remarkable breakthrough in psychological research. Here for the first time was a technique for gaining access to layers of the mind which had hitherto been hidden from direct observations, and which provided highly revealing insights into the origins of the human personality as well as the causes of neurotic conflicts. Thus psychoanalysis in the hands of Freud gradually led to a new understanding and appreciation of the tremendous importance of early childhood in shaping the human personality. The third meaning refers to psychoanalysis as a theory of personality. Searching for a method to treat hysterical patients, Freud was brought face-to-face with the mainsprings of the human mind. By the end of the century he still has not given up hope of reducing psychological phenomena to the laws of physics and chemistry, but eventually he made a clean break and became a psychological investigator who attempted to explain psychological phenomena in psychological terms. Again, this was an achievement of the first order, which is not always fully appreciated.(Freud and Modern Psychoanalysis, 1,7-11)

Cause Effect Analysis Essays

Cause Effect Analysis Essays Cause Effect Analysis Essay Cause Effect Analysis Essay As an operator who works in oil and gas industry, I will present a life incident in one of the oil and gas location called Piper Alpha disaster UK. Piper Alpha was a North Sea oil production platform operated by Occidental Petroleum (Caledonia) Ltd. The disaster began with a routine maintenance procedure. On the morning of the 6th of July, a certain backup propane condensate pump in the processing area needed to have its pressure safety valve checked. The work could not be completed by 18. 00 and the workers asked for and received permission to leave the rest of the work until the next day. The tube was sealed with a plate. Later in the evening during the next work shift, the primary condensate pump failed. None of those present were aware that a vital part of the machine had been removed and decided to start the backup pump. Gas products escaped from the hole left by the valve and lead to an explosion and resulting fire that destroyed the platform on July 6, 1988, killing 167 men, with only 59 survivors. The death toll includes 2 crewmen of a rescue vessel. Total insured loss was about ? 1. 7 billion (US$ 3. 4 billion). The generation and utilities module, which included the fireproofed accommodation block, slipped into the sea. The largest part of the platform followed it; the whole accident took place in 22 minutes. That was the end of Piper Alpha. What went wrong? The fishbone diagram identifies some possible cause and effect. METHOD/PROCEDURE ENVIRONMENT MATERIAL MANPOWER MACHINE Poor leadership Poor maintenance PTW risk assessment use incorrect Absence of blast wall Inadequate maintenance/safety procedure Poor practice /audit complacency Lack of communication between crew shift Lack of training Deluge fire system turnoff Primary condensate pump failed No quality checking on production line Poor production planning Poor isolation of maintenance Heat, smoke and fire Hazardous area Carbon monoxide/fumes Piper Alpha disaster UK Using the cause and effect analysis tool, as defining the problem first, brainstorming as the second step and Identify cause, I and my teams outline some of the major challenges for oil and gas facilities, which fall into two categories. The first is overcoming the physical environment. The second is doing this in a manner that meets regulatory requirements and increasing societal expectations related to environmental performance and social benefits. This report was instrumental in bringing about the regulatory control of Offshore Installations (Safety Case) Regulations. A safety case is a written document in which a company must demonstrate that an effective safety management system (SMS) is in place on a particular offshore installation. With respect to the first of these challenges, significant progress has been made through the development of ISO Draft International Standard, addressing design, construction, transportation, installation, and removal of offshore structures, related to the activities of the petroleum and natural gas industries. Focus areas for advancement and extension of Oil and Gas development include: ? Adherence to Permit-to-Work SystemThis was a system of paperwork designed to promote communication between all parties affected by any maintenance procedure done on the platform. The system on Piper Alpha had become too relaxed. Employees relied on too many informal communications and communication between shift changes was lacking. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Disabling of protective equipment by explosion The firewalls on Piper Alpha could have stopped the spread of a fire. They were, however, not built to withstand an explosion. The initial blast blew the firewalls down, and the subsequent fire spread unimpeded.? Need for safety trainingThe workers on the platform were not adequately trained in emergency procedures, and management was not trained to make up the gap and provide good leadership during a crisis situation.? Auditing is vitalOccidental Petroleum had regular safety audits of its facilities but they were not performed well. Few, if any, problems were ever brought up, even though there were serious issues with corrosion of deluge system pipes and heads and many other issues. When a major problem was found, it was sometimes just ignored.? Proper isolation of plant for maintenanceThe disaster would not have occurred if the pump where work was being done had been positively isolated. Isolation is not achieved by shutting a valve but requires means such as insertion of a slip plate or removal of a pipe section.? Emergency Shutdown ValvesProper location of emergency shutdown valves and backup valves are essential to cutting off fuel supply in case of a fire; above water positioning provides testing accessibility for vigilant maintenance.? Fire and explosion protectionProtection against and mitigation of fire and explosion as well as fire fighting are of particular importance as there is no possibility to rely on outside assistance, such as the fire brigade.? Temporary Safe Refuge (TSR)TSR on each installation should have a breathable atmosphere through prevention of smoke ingress and provision of fire protection; escape routes and embarkation points should be determined through safety cases. Prevention of smoke ingress into TSR is available through smoke and gas detectors that initiate smoke dampers and prevent circulation of smoke throughout the TSR.? Evacuation and EscapeMore than one route to helicopters and lifeboats must be present at any given time to ensure evacuation of the platform in a crisis situation. To facilitate escape from a hazardous situation, luminescent strips and heat shielding provide visibility in smoke and protection from flames, respectively. Secondary escapes such as ropes, ladders, and nets are also available as backup for the more sophisticated escape methods. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of wind tunnel tests and explosion simulations in designWind tunnels are useful to assess the effectiveness of the ventilation and the gas detection system. The explosion simulations help investigate the effect of different layouts on explosion overpressures and assess the effectiveness of blast walls. If all oil and gas industry embrace this new regulatory, which should address the risk of series of explosion event scenarios. This produces an approach more commensurate with that of quantitative risk analysis and away from the â€Å"worst case† scenario. It also puts explosion risks into context. Beside give training and seminars to new and old employees alike. Have people check employees’ performances in a given period. Have a computer-based information system to maintain the organization and staff awareness. It will not only give you back-up files but make the system work faster. Make sure it is maintained and updated at all times.

Essay on Government Borrowing Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Government Borrowing - Essay Example The government borrows majorly through issuing treasury bills, Canada Savings Bonds, and marketable bonds in domestic and foreign markets. The Financial Administration Act dictates that Governor in Council has the mandate to authorize the Minister to borrow money on behalf of Her Majesty in the right of Canada. The government borrowing has been too high and the interest is very low. The government Canada reported a net debt of approximately $ 616.9 billion in the fiscal year 2010-11. This was a rise by $ 34.4 billion from 2009-10. Canada’s total government net debt-to-GDP ratio hit 30.4 per cent in the year 2010 (Department of Finance of Canada, 2012). This paper will explore the issue of high government borrowing and low interest rates. It will give economic measures to tackle the problem in Canada. The level of government borrowing is crucial ingredient of fiscal policy and management of aggregate demand in any economy. When an individual government runs a budget deficit, it implies that in that fiscal year, total government spending exceeds total tax revenue. When a government experiences a deficit in its budget estimates, it has to borrow in order to bridge the gap. This forces the government to issue its debt as Treasury Bills and long-term government bonds through central bank. The negative effects of Canadian government’s high borrowing are duplicated in the in the financial statements of the country. In the 31 March 2011, the Department of Finance of Canada announced that interest-bearing debt was $ 801.8 billion. This was an increase by $ 39.0 billion from the year 2010. Similarly, the un-matured debt was higher by 32.0 Canadian dollars. In addition, liabilities for pension and other benefits for employees went higher by 7.3 billion Canadian dollars. Increase in government borrowing through issuing of bonds such as treasury bills and securities to pay interest in fixed period or indefinitely (Department of Finance of Canada, 2012). Canada has not registered positive results fiscal stimulus. The economic stimulus seems it is not effective. The government borrowing has led to low interest rates making government run a budget deficit. In addition, fiscal stimulus has demonstrated inflationary effects that results from high demand. Fiscal stimulus entails the proposition that through borrowing money and spending it, the government can raise the state of economy. This is through raising inputs and lowering the numbers of jobless. Fiscal stimulus can increase aggregate demand. Theoretically, printing money can be a form of fiscal stimulus. This is because money counts as a transfer payment. People will have a lot of money because of increased printing. However, in practice people do not just keep many dollars of their extra cash. People will spend the extra amount of money creating demand for services and goods. The increased aggregate demand leads to inflation. This is the state bedeviling Canada. The high borrowing of g overnment seems to create problems rather than to develop economy in Canada. When the government borrows money from private sector this corresponds to increase in spending on its part. However, government borrowing limits the spending of private sector. This therefore implies that job opportunities, which fiscal stimulus seeks to created are offset through decline in private spending. Canada is grappling with the same situation. Too much borrowing seems to impair the